Compare Various Aspects of Gasoline Engine to Diesel Engine - 1650 Words

Compare Various Aspects of Gasoline Engine relative to Diesel Engine (Term Paper Sample) Content: Gasoline Engine verses Diesel Engine(Name)(Institution Affiliation)Introduction The term engine was derived from a Latine word ingenium, which means mechanical device, which converts force into a state of motion (Taylor, 1985). Most mechanica devices are said to have been invented during the period of industrial revolution. In the modern context, the term is used to refer to devices such as internal combustion engines, external combustion engines, air-breathing combustion engines and steam engines, which burn fuel to perform a mechanical work that generates electricity, compresses gas, or pumps water, among others. By use, main examples of engines include model engine, automobile engine, aircraft engine, motorcycle engine, marine propulsion engines, non-road engine, railway locomotive engine, traction engine, and spacecraft propulsion engine. The speed of engines is measured in terms of revolutions per minute. Therefore, engines are sometimes classified as high-speed , medium speed, or low-speed. Definition of gasoline and diesel Gasoline can be described as a crude oil product that can be used to power internal combustion. Experts assert that the liquid is transparent and highly flammable and usually tend to evaporate considerably when used. Gasoline comprises primarily of organic compounds that are derived from the fractional distillation of petroleum (Gupta Demirbas, 2010). It is, however, enhanced with an array of additives such as ethanol when processed in an oil refinery to improve its stability and performance. Its quality is measure by its octane rating. A diesel is defined as a light distillate fuel with a distillation temperature of about 550 degrees Fahrenheit. The liquid is largely used in high-speed diesel engines. It is, ideally, a mixture of hydrocarbons that are obtained during the fractional distillation of crude oil (Gupta Demirbas, 2010). The key properties of diesel fuel include cold behavior, sulfur content, and a cetane number. History of Diesel and Gasoline engines History is an interest subject. This is largely because; it tends to give us a precise insight of how things happened in the past paving way for our understanding of the present and the future. In this section, we will tend to provide a critical review of the history of engines; stressing largely on diesel and gasoline engines. Diesel engine The first diesel engine was built in 1882 by the German engineer, Herbert Akroyd Stuart (Eastwood, 2008). He first perceived powdered coal as a potential fuel, although he later proved it to be arguably difficult to inject of a cylinder. After the fail of the coal experiment, he ventured into an experiment of using vegetable oils where he successfully used peanut oil. However, later, the engine settled on a stable byproduct of crude oil refinement process known as diesel fuel, hence the term diesel engine. Following the success of the diesel engine, Herbert filed a number of addenda and patents for the production of diesel engines in various countries in 1894 and 1895. These include patent no. 16654 (Spain), No. 243531 (France), No. 113139 (Belgium), No. 608845 (United States), and 86633 (Germany).With the introduction of government regulation on diesel omissions, the original diesel engine has undergone a tremendous modification over the past, particularly in 1960 when manufactures began to redesign their engine products so that they can make them cleaner. These resulted to a number of innovations such as injection-timing delay and cooled exhaust gas re-circulation, which have trimmed down the rate of emissions from diesel engines by about 80 and 90% since 1980s. Gasoline EngineThe invention of the gasoline (petrol) engine can be traced back to 1863, in France, when Jean Joseph Etienne Lenior fitted a petrol fuelled internal combustion engine earlier built in 1862 to an experimental three-wheeled wagon (Eastwood, 2008). His engine was a success, which helped him to make a num ber of journeys around Paris. Seven years later, the German-Austrian inventor known as Siegfried Marcus tested and assembled an experimental four-wheeled motorized cart that was using petrol engine. However, since the vehicle lacked a clutch, the rear wheels were often lifted before the petrol engine was started. Seven years later, again, a petrol engine car was designed in the United States by George Baldwin Selden designed the first car in America that was to be fitted with internal combustion engine power by petrol fuel. This was followed by a number of innovations such as exhaust muffler, and pistons with rings, among others. How engines work Irrespective of the type of engine, the mechanism with which engines work is primarily the same. Most engines works through a spark-ignition stroke; four stroke spark-ignition mechanism. Experts agree that the four stroke spark-ignition engine needs four piston strokes to complete one cycle. These have been discussed below. Induction strok e Here, the inlet valve is always opened as the exhaust value remains closed. Thereafter, the piston then descends by moving away from the cylinder. Its speed then creates a pressure decline or depression that reaches a maximum of approximately 0.3 bar below the atmospheric pressure; one-third from the beginning pressure value. However, the depression created may vary considerably depending on the load and speed experience by the engine. The creation of a depression is said to induce or suck in a fresh charge air coupled by the atomized fuel proportions that ranges from 10 to 17 parts of air to about 1 part of fuel by weight. The engines at this process are said to be naturally aspirated or normally aspirated(Vidler Knowles,, 2004). Compression stroke At this stage, both the exhaust and inlet valves are closed. This makes the piston to start ascending towards the cylinder head. During this time, the fuel charge and induce air charge are progressively compressed to something that o ccupies approximately 0.125 to 0.1 of the volume of the cylinder at inner post position of the cylinder. The compression squeezes the atomized-fuel and air molecules closer together cause a rise in both temperature and charge in the cylinder. Typically, the maximum compression in the cylinder ranges from 8 to 14 bar. Power stroke In the next piston stroke, the power stroke, both the exhaust and inlet values still remain closed, and just before the piston reach the climax of its stroke during the compression, research indicates that a spark-plug arguably ignites dense combustible charge. As the piston reaches its innermost stroke point, the charge mixture in the cylinder starts to burn, and thus generating heat and vastly increasing the pressure in the cylinder up to the point when the gas forces become greater than the load. The burning of gases are said to expand during the process and consequently changing the direction of motion, pushing it to its outermost point. Then, the cyli nder pressure falls from a peak value of approximately 60 bar to about 4 bar close to the outermost movement of the piston. Exhaust stroke At the end of the third stroke, the inlet valve still remains closed. However, the exhaust value is opened. This makes the piston to change the direction of motion; moves to the innermost position from the outmost. At this time, most of the burnt gases are then expelled from the cylinder by the prevailing pressure energy of the gas. Although, the remaining piston still pushed the last of the spent gases in the cylinder out through the exhaust-valve port to the atmosphere. During this process, it is argued that the pressure of the gas in the cylinder often falls from the exhaust-valve opening pressure to the atmospheric pressure or less (Vidler Knowles,, 2004). At this time, the piston usually nears the innermost part towards the head of the cylinder. Advantages and disadvantages of various engine types There are a number of advantages and disa dvantages that can be attributed to each of the engine types discussed in the previous section. Some of them have been highlighted below. Advantages and Disadvantages of Diesel Engine There are number advantages that can be attributed to the use of diesel engine. First, most diesel engines are relative less costly as compared to petrol engines. Evidence indicates that the cost difference between diesel and petrol engines is about 20% level. In addition, diesel engines burn less fuel than petrol engines. This is because of ...

Decreasing the Rate of Teenage Pregnancy Essay - 825 Words

Decreasing the Rate of Teenage Pregnancy (Essay Sample) Content: (Name)(Instructorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Name)(Class)(Date)There are many factors to consider in the crucial fight to decrease the rate of teenage pregnancy. One of the factors that scientists and policy makers have spent much time considering is the access of emergency contraceptives for underage women. The topic tends to be controversial due to the side effects of emergency contraceptive pills, beliefs that greater access to contraception will actually increase the likelihood of early sexual experiences, and the notion that parents have a right to knowledge of the medical status of their children. Because these concerns hold merit, it is imperative that the debate on whether access should be granted to minors contains a well-informed cost-benefit analysis of the potential outcomes. Due to the extremely detrimental effects that early parenthood can have on the lives of young parents and their children as well as the high rate for risky sexual behaviors among minors, it is a dvisable that emergency contraceptives be made accessible to minors without the need for permission of a guardian or parent.Emergency contraceptive pills are pills containing hormones that, if taken after sexual intercourse, can help prevent the incidence of pregnancy. They are marketed mostly to those for whom other forms of contraception, such as regular birth control pills or condoms, have failed to perform correctly or to those who have simply engaged in unprotected sex. These pills have recently received legislation allowing them to be available over-the-counter to men and women 17 years of age and older. Anyone younger than 17 would need parental consent in order to obtain the pills. Effectiveness rates generally range from around 45% to 75%, depending mostly on the parameters used to measure their effectiveness. Typical side effects of using emergency contraceptive pills include nausea, fatigue, and dizziness (Hatcher 1-874).Though it is hard to obtain hard statistics on the effects of teen parenthood on the lives of the parents and the children, those who study the phenomenon largely agree that early parenthood increases the likelihood of poverty, crime rates, and academic failure (Rich-Edwards 555). Simply put, when adolescents must expend a large amount of their time and energy for childcare, it decreases the opportunities they have for their own success. The parentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ lack of success then renders disadvantages for the child. Due to these negative effects, much effort is put into various different approaches to decreasing the rate of teenage pregnancy. One of these approaches is to only educate minors about abstinence. The idea behind abstinence only teaching is that the only effective form of preventing pregnancy is preventing sex and that teaching about safe sex behaviors will increase the rate of underage sex. Though it is understandable why many people believe strongly in this approach, it unfortunately does little to prevent teen pregnancy. A correlation study looking at the effectiveness of abstinence only education found that "the more strongly abstinence is emphasized in state laws and policies, the higher the average teenage pregnancy and birth rate" (Stanger-Hall Hall). This finding is important due to its link to teens having the need for pregnancy termination and last minute prevention.In a study of the demographic use of emergency contraception pills, researchers found that half of women who used emergency contraception reported using it due to having completely unprotected sex (Daniels, Jones, Abma 4). This demographic, supposedly having little access to information regarding use of more proactive forms of contraception, is likely to also risk needing an abortion, especially if it is difficult to obtain an emergency contraceptive pill. In many cases, these abortions are performed in an unsafe manner because states that are more inclined to promote abstinence only education are more likely to rule against access to safe, medical abortions. It is imperative to prevent the need for abortion as much as possible because unsafe abortions can lead to death or disease in many cases (Grimes et al. 1862).The women who offered data to the study on the use of emergency contraceptive pills ranged in age from 15 to 44 years of age. Of specific importance, the study found that 14% of women from ages 15 to 19 had used emergency contraceptive pills at least once. This statistics illustrates that, unfortunate as it may be, there exists a very real need for emergency contraception among minors. The fact that it is so inaccessible to them, requiring the consent of a parent, suggests that a great deal of young women who could benefit from these pills are turning instead to the risky alternatives of either abortion or young parenthood. This realization coupled with the fact that the World Health Organization cites no situation induced by the use of emergency contraceptive pills as r iskier than the alternative strongly illustrates the logic behind making emergency contraceptive pills readily available to minors (World Health Organization 63).Though the true goal... Decreasing the Rate of Teenage Pregnancy Essay - 825 Words Decreasing the Rate of Teenage Pregnancy (Essay Sample) Content: (Name)(Instructorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Name)(Class)(Date)There are many factors to consider in the crucial fight to decrease the rate of teenage pregnancy. One of the factors that scientists and policy makers have spent much time considering is the access of emergency contraceptives for underage women. The topic tends to be controversial due to the side effects of emergency contraceptive pills, beliefs that greater access to contraception will actually increase the likelihood of early sexual experiences, and the notion that parents have a right to knowledge of the medical status of their children. Because these concerns hold merit, it is imperative that the debate on whether access should be granted to minors contains a well-informed cost-benefit analysis of the potential outcomes. Due to the extremely detrimental effects that early parenthood can have on the lives of young parents and their children as well as the high rate for risky sexual behaviors among minors, it is a dvisable that emergency contraceptives be made accessible to minors without the need for permission of a guardian or parent.Emergency contraceptive pills are pills containing hormones that, if taken after sexual intercourse, can help prevent the incidence of pregnancy. They are marketed mostly to those for whom other forms of contraception, such as regular birth control pills or condoms, have failed to perform correctly or to those who have simply engaged in unprotected sex. These pills have recently received legislation allowing them to be available over-the-counter to men and women 17 years of age and older. Anyone younger than 17 would need parental consent in order to obtain the pills. Effectiveness rates generally range from around 45% to 75%, depending mostly on the parameters used to measure their effectiveness. Typical side effects of using emergency contraceptive pills include nausea, fatigue, and dizziness (Hatcher 1-874).Though it is hard to obtain hard statistics on the effects of teen parenthood on the lives of the parents and the children, those who study the phenomenon largely agree that early parenthood increases the likelihood of poverty, crime rates, and academic failure (Rich-Edwards 555). Simply put, when adolescents must expend a large amount of their time and energy for childcare, it decreases the opportunities they have for their own success. The parentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ lack of success then renders disadvantages for the child. Due to these negative effects, much effort is put into various different approaches to decreasing the rate of teenage pregnancy. One of these approaches is to only educate minors about abstinence. The idea behind abstinence only teaching is that the only effective form of preventing pregnancy is preventing sex and that teaching about safe sex behaviors will increase the rate of underage sex. Though it is understandable why many people believe strongly in this approach, it unfortunately does little to prevent teen pregnancy. A correlation study looking at the effectiveness of abstinence only education found that "the more strongly abstinence is emphasized in state laws and policies, the higher the average teenage pregnancy and birth rate" (Stanger-Hall Hall). This finding is important due to its link to teens having the need for pregnancy termination and last minute prevention.In a study of the demographic use of emergency contraception pills, researchers found that half of women who used emergency contraception reported using it due to having completely unprotected sex (Daniels, Jones, Abma 4). This demographic, supposedly having little access to information regarding use of more proactive forms of contraception, is likely to also risk needing an abortion, especially if it is difficult to obtain an emergency contraceptive pill. In many cases, these abortions are performed in an unsafe manner because states that are more inclined to promote abstinence only education are more likely to rule against access to safe, medical abortions. It is imperative to prevent the need for abortion as much as possible because unsafe abortions can lead to death or disease in many cases (Grimes et al. 1862).The women who offered data to the study on the use of emergency contraceptive pills ranged in age from 15 to 44 years of age. Of specific importance, the study found that 14% of women from ages 15 to 19 had used emergency contraceptive pills at least once. This statistics illustrates that, unfortunate as it may be, there exists a very real need for emergency contraception among minors. The fact that it is so inaccessible to them, requiring the consent of a parent, suggests that a great deal of young women who could benefit from these pills are turning instead to the risky alternatives of either abortion or young parenthood. This realization coupled with the fact that the World Health Organization cites no situation induced by the use of emergency contraceptive pills as r iskier than the alternative strongly illustrates the logic behind making emergency contraceptive pills readily available to minors (World Health Organization 63).Though the true goal...

Essay about New Approaches in Environmental Education

Education is very important aspect of our lives. It helps us grow and develop and shapes our ethics and morals. We carry these ethics and morals with us throughout life and are what molds us as characters. Our current school system is very superficial and training us for the industrial system. It enforces that we teach more math and science classes to use as tools for our future. With the main focus on these subjects, we overlook other subjects that also play an important role in how we shape our futures. Environmental education is a very important subject that is often overlooked in the education system. Modernization and industrialization has taken a heavy toll on the one thing that sustains our existence. Through our selfish acts,†¦show more content†¦The economy we live in todays primary concern is making profit, whether or not the benefits outweigh detrimental effects of growth on the natural environment. Everything in the world is objectivized. When an object or an ent ity is objectivized, we take away from the being or self and is reduced to merely material, function, or feature. For example, a cow is a living creature that deserves just as much right to inhabit this planet along side us as anything else. From a objectivized stand point, the cow merely becomes an object of property, food. We only look at what the cow can provide for us. Instrumentalism is direct consequence society’s rational anthropocentrism. Humans believe that they are at the top of a value pyramid because of our intelligence and our ability to rationalize and reason everything. Intrinsic value becomes completely overruled by our own intelligence. To view something morally is to view it intrinsically. Unfortunately, humans only apply instrumental value to things. Beings and entities that are unable to reason, automatically fall under society and are reduced to mere instruments. One moral injustice in conjunction with our rationalized anthropocentric views is the extinct ion of species. Society identity of self image views our selves in this hierarchal worldview where we see ourselves as superior to other beings. This gives us the natural dominance over â€Å"lowerShow MoreRelatedApproaches to Environment Education1570 Words   |  7 PagesPAPER I EDUCATION IN EMERGING INDIA TOPIC: Approaches to Environmental Education Environmental Education has been described as education for the environment, education about the environment and education through the environment. It is the process of recognizing values and clarifying concepts in order to develop skills and attitudes necessary to understand and appreciate the inter-relatedness among man, his culture, and his biophysical surroundings. Environmental education also includesRead MorePublic Environmental Awareness and Education1615 Words   |  7 PagesPublic Environmental Awareness and Education Action can be taken in a variety of areas to increase environmental awareness and education. Some of these categories are: environmental legal rights and responsibilities and associated consequences, use of the media, awareness raising campaigns, incorporation of environmental issues in mainstream education, increasing awareness and education in target groups and encouragement of public participation in environmental matters. As the following case studiesRead MoreNew Approaches And Education For The Success Of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems928 Words   |  4 Pages7 New Approaches and Education for the Success of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems There is a common thinking in the academia and professional arenas that the solution to the untreated wastewater discharges into our water bodies can be prevented or mitigated mainly with the construction of wastewater sewer collection systems and wastewater treatment plants. Part of the purpose of this research is to revisit and analyze the benefits of using decentralized wastewater treatment technologiesRead MoreTitle: Enhancing Education For Sustainable Development1034 Words   |  5 PagesTitle: Enhancing education for sustainable development during adolescence Studies show that people experience a dip in interest and concern about environmental problems during their adolescent years (age 13-17). However, there is a lack of information on whether this dip applies to the other two dimensions of Sustainable Development (SD) i.e. social and economic, as well. This study examined changes in the broader concept of Sustainability Consciousness (SC) throughout adolescence. SC is definedRead MoreHenry Mintzberg Modes Of Strategic Decision Making Case Study723 Words   |  3 Pagesfirms today. A learning organization is an organization that strives to obtain knowledge, then uses that knowledge to help introduces new methods, ideas, or products in order to remain fiercely competitive in a rapidly changing environment. The 4 skill sets of learning organizations are: †¢ Systematic approach to problem solving †¢ Experimenting with new approaches †¢ Learning and improving from past mistakes †¢ Quick dissemination of knowledge gaining Due to the constant shifting competition, thisRead MoreTeaching And Learning Of The 21st Century1098 Words   |  5 Pagesglobalized, and complicated media saturated culture. So this Technological overthrow will have a greater change in education. Our students are facing many difficulties like increased population, climate change, health deficiency, primary poverty and other environmental changes. Therefore, this technological revolution, social, economic and globalization changes have intended for new changes and developments in 21st century teaching and learning. Knowledge and understanding: 21st century teachingRead MoreThe Development Goals From The United Nations Essay1533 Words   |  7 Pagessustainable future. The Adelaide Declaration by Australian Ministers of Education (1999) includes the goal that: ‘When students leave school, they should have an understanding of, and concern for, stewardship of the natural environment, and the knowledge to contribute to ecologically sustainable development’ (1.7). The Sustainable Development Goals from the United Nations also emphasizes on the importance of offering a quality education for young generation to improve people’s lives and pursue sustainableRead MoreBSHE 500 Take Home Exam 1 Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pagesperson-focused and environment-focused interventions designed to promote health. The social ecological framework can be used as an ideal tool for addressing a broad range of public health issues and implementing new health promotion programs due to its wide scope of integrating behavioral and environmental changes. Variations of the social ecological approach are presented in the public health literature but the main perspective of this framework centers on certain core themes. These themes are individual/intrapersonalRead MoreTexas Is A Non Profit Organization1548 Words   |  7 Pagesstrategies being developed in the state of Israel, CYJ Texas has begun making strides to incorporate new conservation techniques and infrastructures that will stimulate environmental wellness, reduce our dependence on energy and water resources, and decrease overall waste production. At this time, CYJ Texas has already implemented a recycling program and recently finished the construction of our new Experiential Learning Center (ELC). This facility operates using a number of sustainable technologies;Read MoreSecurity Studies : A Relatively New Discipline903 Words   |  4 PagesSecurity Studies is a relatively new discipline in International Relations. Traditional security studies, or I nternational Security Studies, came about at the end of World War II in 1945, whilst Critical Security Studies was developed and evolved from traditional studies. Critical Security Studies was developed to challenge the traditional approach of security studies. This essay looks to explore the key elements within each security studies approaches in order to evaluate which is more worthy of

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Character Analysis Of Willy Lomans Death Of A Salesman

Death of a Salesman This drama is very interesting because I have never read a whole play before, so it was difficult to understand certain point of views throughout the story. The character Willy Loman came across as a strong, but loving in his own way kind of man. Understanding his life story will give you a reason for his antics. His relationships with everyone and the way that he reacts to things that upset him. Changes that are happening that cannot be controlled, make his life difficult. In every life there are ups and downs, some people just make better choices to make them easier. Willy Loman has his own way of thinking because he only wants things done the right way. Willy Loman is a man who strives for great things for him and†¦show more content†¦Stern, but loving, he would treat them like the future of his continued legacy. Willy had a strong bond with his boys, but his oldest son, Biff, in the spot light. When I look at the character Biff, I can really see the mannerisms of his father. He is his own man, who strives to do great things, but sometimes things do not always go right. BIFF: Well I spent six years after high school trying to work myself up. Shipping clerk, salesman, business of one kind or another. And it’s a measly manner of existence. To get on that subway on the hot mornings in summer. To devote your whole life to keeping stock, or making phone calls, or selling or buying. To suffer fifty weeks of the year for the sake of a two-week vacation, when all you really desire is to be outdoors, with your shirt off. And always to have to get ahead of the next fella. And still—that’s how you build a future (969). The way they handled it was similar as well. Happy is Willy and Linda’s second son. Willy treated Happy just as good as Biff, but did not really single his accomplishments out. He would always tell Happy to do things like Biff. It did not seem to bother Happy to much though, not even when he got older, but he did end up being a well-off man. Chasing women and living the bachelor life, he never really set down any roots. The big secret between Biff and his father was something that I was not expecting. The great man that he saw his whole life was noShow MoreRelatedEssay about The American Dream in Death of a Salesman1371 Words   |  6 PagesArthur Miller’s ‘Death of a Salesman’ is an examination of American life and consumerism. It relates the story of a common man who portrays this lifestyle. Other issues explored in the play include: materialism, procrastination and alienation. The play was set in 1948, in a time where The American Dream was highly regarded, despite the Depression. The American Dream was a belief that emerged in the later half of the nineteenth century, that if you work hard you will achieve success and prosperityRead MoreComparing Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson 1403 Words   |  6 PagesFences written by August Wilson and Death of a Salesman written by Arthur Miller are two plays that could be considered very different in te rms of their plot. The plots of both plays contain two very different cultural backgrounds which affects each protagonist differently. If the reader or audience looks past the plot into the theme and symbolisms used they can see that the plays are more similar than they are different. In spite of the different cultural backgrounds of each protagonist they bothRead MoreWilly from Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller: Abandoned and Flawed798 Words   |  4 Pages The dramatic play Death of a Salesman, composed by Arthur Miller in 1949 portrays the hours leading up to Willy Loman’s death. Willy is a sixty-year-old salesman living in Brooklyn New York with his wife Linda and after thirty-five years working as a traveling salesman he feels defeated by his lack of success and difficult family life. As a salesman, Willy Loman focuses more on personality and being well liked by everyone than actual skills. When he returns early from a business trip it is apparentRead More Death of a Salesman is a Tragedy as Defined in Millers Tragedy and the Common Man1046 Words   |  5 PagesDeath of a Salesman is a Tragedy as Defined in Millers Tragedy and the Common Man In Tragedy and the Common Man, Arthur Miller discusses his definition and criteria for tragedy as they apply to the common man. The criteria and standards proposed by Miller may be used to evaluate his timeless work, Death of A Salesman. The first major standard of tragedy set forth is:   â€Å"...if the exaltation of tragic action were truly a property of the high-bred character alone, it is inconceivable thatRead MoreDeath Of Salesman By F. Scott Fitzgerald1515 Words   |  7 Pagesat the past or present—instead of looking forward to the future. John Fitzgerald Kennedy once said, â€Å"Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future.† In the play Death of Salesman by Arthur Miller, the protagonist Willy Loman is depicted as a man who has failed in life; he spent most of his life reminiscing the past. This affected his life greatly, especially his relationship with his son, Biff Loman. Nevertheless, in the novel, The GreatRead MoreWilly Loman as a Tragic Hero in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman1218 Words   |  5 PagesWilly Loman as a Tragic Hero in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Should Willy Loman of Arthur Millers classic, Death of a Salesman be regarded as a tragic hero, or merely a working-class, socially inadequate failure? Described by Miller as a self-destructive, insecure anti-hero, it seems almost impossible for Loman to be what is known as a tragic hero in the classical sense, but with the inclusion of other factors he maybe a tragic hero, at least in the modernRead More Modern Tragic Hero Essay1304 Words   |  6 Pages Death of a Salesman, considered as Author Millers most accomplished and successful plays, features the life of Willy Loman, a delusional salesman with a grandiose plan to live the American dream. As a result to the tragic events of Willy Loman’s life starting with his father’s abandonment, and ending with his suicide, Willy Loman never lives the life he has always dreamed. Although, arguably discredited as a tragic hero, Willy Loman attains the qualities essential to credit him as a tragic heroRead MoreAmerican Dream Derailed in The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman1486 Words   |  6 Pageswork play a very large role in the pursuit of â€Å"the dream†. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, and Arthur Miller’s drama, Death of a Salesman, both protagonists, Jay Gatsby and Willy Loman, are convinced that the way to achieve a better life is by living the â€Å"Ameri can dream†. However, the dream does not end up successfully for these two characters. In fact, their ideals and hopes of rising to success cause their American dream to take a turn into a nightmare. Although it may seemRead MoreFailure Of The American Dream In The Writings Of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Zora Neale Hurston, And August Wilson1418 Words   |  6 PagesJay Gatsby s rise to fame in the 1920s defines the failure of financial success as part of the American Dream. Gatsby will eventually die due to his excessive greed, which is not unlike the emotional death of Willy Loman as he fails to become a successful salesman in Author Miller’s Death of a Salesman. More so, Hurston’s depiction of Nanny’s own failures in life by using her granddaughter, Janie, as vehicle for her own financial success. Nanny fails by forcing Janie into marriages with abusive menRead MoreDeath of a Salesman1332 Words   |  5 Pages As the play’s titular character in Death of a Salesman, Willy Loman is viewed by many as the definitive modern tragic hero of modern literature. He is a man struggling to gain upward mobility in a society designed to keep him in the trenches. The c lassic idea of a tragic hero is an important person who falls from a lofty seat in life. Willy, however, is just a common man trying to get to a place he can fall from. According to Arthur Miller, a tragic hero need not be a king or anyone of high rank

Drug Abuse among Teenagers - 1980 Words

Drug abuse among teenagers Introduction For the past twenty years, the country has been trying to overcome the use the drugs amongst teenagers. Research has shown that children between the ages of 16 - 20 use illegal drugs. The number of teenagers who use drugs is more than the number of drug users in the other age groups. Drug awareness campaigns are one of the key methods that can be use to combat this problem. Teaching the teenagers facts about drug abuse will assist them to know and understand the risks that drug abuse causes. Continuous drug awareness campaigns within the community are vital. ADDIN EN.CITE Gianni Devincenti Hayes201198Gianni Devincenti Hayes, D, Jr, and Michael J. Talley (2011)98986Gianni Devincenti Hayes, P.D, G.D.H.P.Jr, M.J.T.Michael J. Talley, J.Drugs and Your Teen: All You Need to Know About Drugs to Protect Your Loved Ones2011Bloomington, IN 47403AuthorHouse9781452098456http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=jlBZM573_-kC HYPERLINK l _ENREF_3 o Gianni Devincenti Hayes, 2011 #98 Gianni Devincenti Haye s, D, Jr, and Michael J. Talley (2011) posits, drug abuse not only affects the teenager, but also their family, and society. Though the use of recreational drugs among teenagers might not have adverse effects on them, the use of other drugs can lead to problems at school, home, work, and in relationships, which can lead the teenager feeling isolated, shameful, and have self pity. Drugs were initially invented for medicinal, religious, andShow MoreRelatedDrug Abuse And Addiction Among Teenagers1704 Words   |  7 PagesStudies have shown that prescription drug abuse and addiction among teenagers is on a steady incline. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, â€Å"prescription drug abuse is the use of a medication without a prescription, in a way other than as prescribed, of for the experience or feelings elicited.† This is a pervasive problem that is in fact consuming the lives of many teens, primarily because prescription drugs are easily accessible in their environment. There are several interpersonalRead MoreEssay Perscription Drug Abuse among Teenagers1064 Words   |  5 PagesPrescription Drug Abuse among Teenagers ( 12-17 Years) Prescription Drugs are medications that are prescribed to patients by a doctor to help in many ways, such as relieve pain, treat symptoms of a disease, or to help fight an infection. They are very safe when used properly and under supervision of a physician, yet if used without approval of a doctor they can be very harmful and in some cases could lead to death. During your adolescence years, teens have curiosity which builds up andRead MoreDrug Abuse Among Teenagers And Young Adults1114 Words   |  5 Pagesgenerations now drug abuse among teenagers and young adults has been a major problem in American society. To address the problem successfully in term of diminishing the amount of illegal drug use among this age demographic, we must first understand the patterns and trends over time in terms of what drugs teenagers use, how they obtain them and then use them, and what factors cause or influence them to engage in such activities. First we should define our terms and limit s of discussion. â€Å"Drugs† here meansRead More Drug Abuse Among American Teenagers Essay7972 Words   |  32 PagesDrug Abuse Among American Teenagers Drug abuse in America is a major problem. Especially among teenagers. Drugs have hurt the lives of nearly 40 percent of all teenagers in America. Either with health problems, DWIs, highway crashes, arrests, impaired school and job performance. These drugs that teenagers use range from Alcohol, LSD, Marijuana, and even Cigarettes. Most of the teenagers that are involved in drug abuse have either, broken families, parents that are drug abusers, a unstable environmentRead MoreTeenage Drug Use Of Drugs1560 Words   |  7 PagesSociology 100 Professor Victoria Hoverman Teenage Drug Use In today’s society, one of the common problems among teenagers is the use of drugs. Teen age is probably one of the most challenging periods in life. It is a stage of self identity crisis that leads to great confusion amongst the teens. Belonging and being accepted in a group is very important in the minds of the teens; where many regard the act as cool. During these years of growth, teenagers encounter their share of positive and negative experiencesRead MoreSubstance Abuse Among Teenagers : A Survey1201 Words   |  5 PagesSubstance Abuse Among Teenagers Hannah is a fifteen year old girl who was recently sent to a rehabilitation center for the result of abuse of prescription medication. 6.1 million high school students currently use addictive substances, and like Hannah, 1 in 3 of them are addicted (â€Å"National Study Reveals,†2011). Although the number of teens using these drugs are decreasing, the numbers are still dangerously high. Due to it’s high risk of addiction, dangerous consequences, and growing availabilityRead MoreTeen Abuse Prescription Drug Abuse1422 Words   |  6 Pagesthree leading drugs used and abused by teenagers in America. According to Elizabeth Larsen, â€Å"The Centers for Disease Control classifies prescription drug abuse as the worst drug epidemic in United States history† (Larsen p.4). This is the worst drug epidemic in history because of the percentage of teenage usage. Based on different studies, pills are the most commonly abused drug among twelve- and thirteen- year olds because of how easy they are to access. In fact, many teens that abuse prescriptionRead MoreAddiction And Substance Abuse Is A Serious Problem Among Teenagers806 Words   |  4 PagesAddiction and substance abuse is a serious problem among teenagers. Teenagers begin abusing drugs because of peer pressure, or abuse in their life. Any type of drugs can be abused including over the counter medications. Since teenager’s brain is still growing any type of substance abuse can cause serious harm. The most abused drug is alcohol. Alcohol has a different effect the brain of teenagers different than that of adults. Children raised in a religious family, with religious friends areRead MoreJuveniles and Drug Abuse946 Words   |  4 PagesJuveniles and Drug Abuse America Abstract A drug is a substance that modifies one or more of the bodys functions when it is consumed. Therefore, many common foods qualify as drugs. According to this definition, some of our most cherished beverages such as tea, coffee, and cola are drugs. However this paper focuses on drugs that are abused by teenagers. Surveys show that cocaine, marijuana, heroin, and inhalants are the most commonly used drugs among teenagers age thirteen through eighteenRead MorePrevention of Alcohol Abuse Among Pregnant Women1306 Words   |  5 PagesPrevention of Alcohol abuse among pregnant women Introduction The drug abuse menace has been indicated to be one of the leading factors that negatively affect people at whatever stage of life right from the fetus stage to the fully grown baby and the adulthood. Of greater interest in this case is the persistent and ever increasing abuse of alcohol among other substances among pregnant women and teenagers in particular. There are repercussions that come with the alcohol abuse and there is therefore

Organisational Problems for Lack of Motivation- MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrganisational Problemsfor Lack of Employee Motivation. Answer: Introduction All organizations want to be at the top of their game when it comes to productivity and growth. As a result, companies work hard to retain the best of its workforce knowing that these employees will influence productivity within that organization. A motivated employee will always give his best when it comes to individual effort. However, a demotivated worker will always be a liability to any given organization. This is because the output of this employ will always be small hence affectivity the productivity. Background Leeds Ventures Leeds ventures, in Australia, is a company that is facing a similar dilemma. The organization has been on a retrenchment exercise that has seen some employees losing their jobs since the beginning of the year. This retrenchment drive has affected the morale of the remaining workforce to the extent that the productivity curve in the month of April has hit its lowest since the beginning of the year. This paper, therefore, is going to analyze the Leeds venture situation and give a recommendation on how to overcome this problem. Organizational Problem at Leeds Ventures Lack of Employee Motivation According to Sara et al. (2014) employees play a vital role in the growth of an organization. As a result, managers need to understand and control employee behavior. They need to know what employees want to front their line of duty and thus focus on what motivates them to be proactive in their jobs. In the case of Leeds Ventures, the management needs to act quickly to mitigate the effects of lack of morale amongst its employees. Retrenchment can be the main cause of lack of morale at Leeds Ventures, but there may be underlying factors that might have led to the current dilemma facing the company. One of the best ways of dealing with the lack of morale by employees in an organization is offering financial rewards. This move can motivate individuals towards higher performance, and it is very effective especially if applied with the aim of raising morale among a particular group of employees. This, therefore, means that salary raise or pay can motivate employees to productivity and refocus their commitments to achieving organization goals and objectives (Asish, 2007) After retrenchment, there is always a window of restructuring within the organization. Leeds organization needs to take advantage of this opportunity to motivate its employees through proper leadership and leadership training. According to Bartol and Martin (2010), the leadership of an organization should always return the trust that was once there before retrenchment for both parties to forge forward together as a team. Also he notes that leaders and employees will need to work together and in the process, high levels of motivation and morality can be achieved (Schoubben, Van Hulle, 2008). Bradley (2008) has further posited that irrespective of the level of automation in an organization to attain a high level of productivity the business will need to invest a lot in its workforce. One of the major ways of doing this is through developing and initiating training programs meant to motivate workers and subordinate staff. In addition to this having a good horizontal relationship between the employees and the top management will also go a long way in enhancing their relationship thus initiate motivation. Chandra (2007) notes that for there to be constant productivity in an organization, then there is the need for empowerment of the employees by the management. Empowerment refers to the delegating of authority and freedom to junior employees to make decisions that in turn gives them room to use their full potential. As a result, the empowerment strategy serves as a tool that focuses on solving problems of the organization through the people. The secret to this plan is that it makes employees feel appreciated and this has a positive effect on their overall performance in the work area (Chai, 2009). The problem with having an autocratic leadership in an organization is that decision-making at the top level without much input from employees especially on policies that directly affect them is tantamount to disaster. This is because the workers will always feel suppressed since their input was not considered during policy making thus having a negative effect on their overall output (Kamalian, Yaghoubi, Moloudi, ,2010). Conclusion and Recommendations It is evident from the literature above that Leeds venture will need to do an overhaul of their management strategy if there are to bring back productivity where it was at the beginning of the year. One of the key issues that have been highlighted in Leeds ventures case is the disconnect between the management and the employees since the onset of the retrenchment process. Some of the recommendations that will work positively for Leeds venture include; The company needs to empower its employees and bridge the gap that has been formed due to loss of jobs creating mistrust between the management and the workforce. Introduce a financial reward program that will require employees regarding their output thus encouraging demoralized workers to improve and thus positively affect the productivity of the company. Training of employees and offering of upward career growth for those qualified for available opportunities within the organization. This will go a long way in bridging the gap that has been brought about by the retrenchment exercise. It would be a poor managerial decision for the management to outsource available positions without giving a chance to those employees who are qualified for the same position. Do away with policies and programs that may lead to job dissatisfaction such as poor working conditions and lack of inclusivity when it comes to policy making A motivated and proactive workforce is essential for any organization that wants to experience higher productivity and growth. As a result, the challenge for the top team in any business is to find a method that will sustain employee motivational year round. While employing every effort that will motivate employees, managers should also avoid the situation that will lead to loss of morale by employees such as retrenchment, poor working conditions among others (Bell, 2011). Leeds venture will need to realize that employee participation does not only enhance growth but also has a major impact on the morale and trust that employees have toward the organization. References Asish K. Bhattacharyya, 2007.Financial Accounting for Business Managers, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, Connaught Circus, New Delhi. Bradley, T .2008. Essential Mathematics for Economics and Business, 3rd Ed, John Wiley Sons, England. Bell, H. A. 2011. A Contemporary Framework for Emotions in Consumer Decision-Making: Moving Beyond Traditional Models. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(17), 12-16 Bartol, K.M., Martin, D.C. 2010 Management, McGraw Hill Chai,L.G 2009 A Review of Marketing Mix: 4Ps or More? International Journal of Marketing Studies, Vol. 1. No. 1, pp. 2-15. Schoubben, F., Van Hulle, C. 2008. The Impact of a Stock Listing on The Relationship Between Growth Opportunities and Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivity. Katholieke Universiteit. Sara, Parkin et al. 2004. Learning and skills for sustainable development: developing a sustainability literate society. Forum for the Future. Chandra, P. 2007. Financial Management Theory and Practice, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, Kamalian, A. R., Yaghoubi, N. M., Moloudi, J.2010 Survey of Relationship between Organizational Justice and Empowerment (A Case Study).European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 24, 165-171